Exploring the Quaker Journey of Edward Burrough in 1659
- pbquakers
- Jun 7
- 5 min read
In the mid-17th century, England was a landscape of intense religious fervor and notable social change. In this environment of upheaval, one man emerged as a strong advocate for his beliefs: Edward Burrough, a key figure in the Quaker movement. This blog post explores his life in 1659, a defining year filled with challenges, transformations, and significant accomplishments along his Quaker journey.
Who Was Edward Burrough?
Edward Burrough was born in 1634 in the small village of Lathom, Lancashire. During his late teens, he heard George Fox preach in 1652 and was convinced of the truth as understood by the Religious Society of Friends. He was consequently rejected by his parents.
He became a passionate supporter of the Quaker faith, which prioritizes personal spiritual experiences over traditional religious institutions. Known for his compelling speeches and impactful writings, Burrough attracted a significant following. His core message revolved around peace, simplicity, and equality.
He is regarded as one of the Valiant Sixty, a group of early activists and itinerant preachers in the Religious Society of Friends who spread the ideas of the Friends in the second half of the 17th century. They were also called the First Publishers of Truth. In fact, they numbered more than 60.
During a time when Quakers were often persecuted, Burrough stood resilient, becoming a symbol of hope for the marginalized. By 1659, the Quaker movement had about 60,000 members in England, thanks in part to advocates like Burrough, who fearlessly promoted their beliefs despite the risks involved.
The Quaker Movement’s Rise in 1659
The year 1659 was pivotal for the Quaker movement, witnessing increased visibility and rising membership. Burrough, then twenty-five years old, traveled extensively across England, delivering compelling speeches that inspired many to question traditional religious norms. His oratory was not just passionate but also resonated with people amid the Enlightenment, an era where thinkers began to challenge established beliefs.
He argued for religious tolerance and the inherent worth of every individual. Large gatherings were held in open fields, where people discussed spirituality openly. It is estimated that Burrough's speeches brought up to 5,000 people together in a single event, revealing the growing interest in his ideas.
Facing Persecution
Despite his growing influence, Burrough's boldness drew the ire of local and national authorities. Quakers, known for their refusal to conform or take oaths, often encountered hostility. In 1659, Burrough faced significant challenges, including imprisonment for his beliefs.
While in jail, he continued to write, documenting his reflections and experiences. His letters became essential for articulating the Quaker perspective and garnering support for fellow imprisoned believers. For instance, one of his written appeals resulted in significant public outcry, leading to the release of several Quakers detained for their faith.
Burrough approached King Charles II upon the Restoration in 1660, requesting protection and relief of Quakers in New England, who were being persecuted by the Puritans. Charles II granted Burrough an audience in 1661, and was persuaded to issue a writ stopping (temporarily) the corporal and capital punishments of the Quakers in Massachusetts.
The Legacy of Edward Burrough’s Writings
Burrough was a skilled writer whose works resonated with many readers eager for insight into his philosophy. One of his notable contributions, "The Substance of the Faith of the People Called Quakers," clearly outlined fundamental Quaker beliefs. This book helped bridge understanding between Quakers and non-Quakers, attracting readers who were exploring new avenues of faith.
His writings emphasized the importance of personal connection with God, challenging the rigid practices of contemporary church theology. For example, his written works influenced several key religious debates, leading to a 40% increase in Quaker attendance at meetings in the years following his publications.
Advocating for Peace and Social Justice
Even amidst adversity, Burrough remained committed to advocating for peace and social justice. He openly condemned the violence and warfare that plagued society, calling for compassionate governance.
Working closely with other Quaker leaders, Burrough campaigned fervently against slavery, advocating for the humane treatment of all individuals. His efforts contributed to a broader dialogue around civil rights, which would later influence movements for social justice across Europe and America.
Community Building Among Quakers
In 1659, Burrough made great strides in unifying various Quaker communities by organizing supportive meetings. These events focused on mutual encouragement and personal story-sharing, promoting unity among attendees.
By establishing a sense of community, Burrough empowered individuals to take charge of their spiritual journeys. He upheld the idea that every voice mattered and that all opinions were respected, making these gatherings spaces of healing and growth. This approach not only strengthened the Quaker movement but also fostered a supportive environment for believers navigating their faith.
The Quaker Journey of Edward Burrough: Imprisonment and Death
In 1662, Burrough was arrested for holding a meeting, which was illegal under the terms of the Quaker Act. He was sent to Newgate Prison, London.
An order for his release signed by Charles II was ignored by the local authorities, and Burrough remained in Newgate until his death on February 14, 1663. He was 29. He was buried in the Quaker Burying Ground, Bunhill Fields.
In 1671 his collected works were published by E. Hookes as The Memorable Works of a Son of Thunder and Consolation: Namely, that True Prophet, and Faithful Servant of God, and Sufferer for the Testimony of Jesus, Edward Burroughs, who Dyed a Prisoner for the Word of God, in the City of London, the Fourteenth of the Twelfth Moneth, 1662.
Reflecting on Edward Burrough’s Journey
Edward Burrough’s experiences in 1659 highlight the intricate path of faith during challenging times. His life embodied the Quaker values of simplicity, peace, integrity, and equality, guiding those seeking transformative change.
His powerful legacy continues to inspire discussions around religious tolerance and social justice. Burrough's dedication serves as a reminder that, in the face of adversity, the pursuit of truth and justice can lead to profound transformations within ourselves and society.
As we explore Edward Burrough’s journey, we gain insights into the resilience of the human spirit and the impact of steadfast belief in fostering change. His story encourages us to stand firm in our convictions while striving for a more loving and equitable world.
. . . We are not for Names, nor Men, nor Titles of Government, nor are we for this Party, nor against the other, because of its Name and Pretense; but we are for Justice and Mercy, and Truth and Peace, and true Freedom, that these may be exalted in our Nation; and that Goodness, Righteousness, Meekness, Temperance, Peace and Unity with God, and one with another, that these things may abound . . . such a Government are we seeking and waiting for, wherein Truth and Righteousness, Mercy and Justice, Unity and Love, and all the Fruits of Holiness may abound; and the contrary be removed, cast out, and limited.
Edward Burrough, 1659
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He died at such a young age!